Comparison of Chinese transcription systems
| Chinese romanization |
|---|
| Mandarin |
| Wu |
|
|
| Yue |
| Southern Min |
| Eastern Min |
| Northern Min |
| Pu-Xian Min |
| Hainanese |
| Hakka |
| Gan |
| See also |
This comparison of Chinese transcription systems[1] comprises a list of all syllables which are considered phonemically distinguishable within Standard Mandarin.
Gwoyeu Romatzyh employs a different spelling for each tone, whereas other systems employ tone marks or superscript numerals.
| Zhuyin | Wade- Giles |
MPS II | Yale | Tong- yong |
Hanyu Pinyin |
Gwoyeu Romatzyh | IPA | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Tone 1 | Tone 2 | Tone 3 | Tone 4 | |||||||
| ㄚ | a | a | a | a | a | a | ar | aa | ah | a |
| ㄞ | ai | ai | ai | ai | ai | ai | air | ae | ay | ai |
| ㄢ | an | an | an | an | an | an | arn | aan | ann | an |
| ㄤ | ang | ang | ang | ang | ang | ang | arng | aang | anq | aŋ |
| ㄠ | ao | au | au | ao | ao | au | aur | ao | aw | au |
| ㄓㄚ | cha | ja | ja | jha | zha | ja | jar | jaa | jah | ʈʂa |
| ㄔㄚ | chʻa | cha | cha | cha | cha | cha | char | chaa | chah | ʈʂʰa |
| ㄓㄞ | chai | jai | jai | jhai | zhai | jai | jair | jae | jay | ʈʂai |
| ㄔㄞ | chʻai | chai | chai | chai | chai | chai | chair | chae | chay | ʈʂʰai |
| ㄓㄢ | chan | jan | jan | jhan | zhan | jan | jarn | jaan | jann | ʈʂan |
| ㄔㄢ | chʻan | chan | chan | chan | chan | chan | charn | chaan | chann | ʈʂʰan |
| ㄓㄤ | chang | jang | jang | jhang | zhang | jang | jarng | jaang | janq | ʈʂaŋ |
| ㄔㄤ | chʻang | chang | chang | chang | chang | chang | charng | chaang | chanq | ʈʂʰaŋ |
| ㄓㄠ | chao | jau | jau | jhao | zhao | jau | jaur | jao | jaw | ʈʂau |
| ㄔㄠ | chʻao | chau | chau | chao | chao | chau | chaur | chao | chaw | ʈʂʰau |
| ㄓㄜ | chê | je | je | jhe | zhe | je | jer | jee | jeh | ʈʂɤ |
| ㄔㄜ | chʻê | che | che | che | che | che | cher | chee | cheh | ʈʂʰɤ |
| ㄓㄟ | chei | jei | jei | jhei | zhei | jei | jeir | jeei | jey | ʈʂei |
| ㄓㄣ | chên | jen | jen | jhen | zhen | jen | jern | jeen | jenn | ʈʂən |
| ㄔㄣ | chʻên | chen | chen | chen | chen | chen | chern | cheen | chenn | ʈʂʰən |
| ㄓㄥ | chêng | jeng | jeng | jheng | zheng | jeng | jerng | jeeng | jenq | ʈʂəŋ |
| ㄔㄥ | chʻêng | cheng | cheng | cheng | cheng | cheng | cherng | cheeng | chenq | ʈʂʰəŋ |
| ㄐㄧ | chi | ji | ji | ji | ji | ji | jyi | jii | jih | tɕi |
| ㄑㄧ | chʻi | chi | chi | ci | qi | chi | chyi | chii | chih | tɕʰi |
| ㄐㄧㄚ | chia | jia | jya | jia | jia | jia | jya | jea | jiah | tɕia |
| ㄑㄧㄚ | chʻia | chia | chya | cia | qia | chia | chya | chea | chiah | tɕʰia |
| ㄐㄧㄤ | chiang | jiang | jyang | jiang | jiang | jiang | jyang | jeang | jianq | tɕiaŋ |
| ㄑㄧㄤ | chʻiang | chiang | chyang | ciang | qiang | chiang | chyang | cheang | chianq | tɕʰiaŋ |
| ㄐㄧㄠ | chiao | jiau | jyau | jiao | jiao | jiau | jyau | jeau | jiaw | tɕiau |
| ㄑㄧㄠ | chʻiao | chiau | chyau | ciao | qiao | chiau | chyau | cheau | chiaw | tɕʰiau |
| ㄐㄧㄝ | chieh | jie | jye | jie | jie | jie | jye | jiee | jieh | tɕie |
| ㄑㄧㄝ | chʻieh | chie | chye | cie | qie | chie | chye | chiee | chieh | tɕʰie |
| ㄐㄧㄢ | chien | jian | jyan | jian | jian | jian | jyan | jean | jiann | tɕiɛn |
| ㄑㄧㄢ | chʻien | chian | chyan | cian | qian | chian | chyan | chean | chiann | tɕʰiɛn |
| ㄓ | chih | jr | jr | jhih | zhi | jy | jyr | jyy | jyh | ʈʂɨ |
| ㄔ | chʻih | chr | chr | chih | chi | chy | chyr | chyy | chyh | ʈʂʰɨ |
| ㄐㄧㄣ | chin | jin | jin | jin | jin | jin | jyn | jiin | jinn | tɕin |
| ㄑㄧㄣ | chʻin | chin | chin | cin | qin | chin | chyn | chiin | chinn | tɕʰin |
| ㄐㄧㄥ | ching | jing | jing | jing | jing | jing | jyng | jiing | jinq | tɕiŋ |
| ㄑㄧㄥ | chʻing | ching | ching | cing | qing | ching | chyng | chiing | chinq | tɕʰiŋ |
| ㄐㄧㄡ | chiu | jiou | jyou | jiou | jiu | jiou | jyou | jeou | jiow | tɕiou |
| ㄑㄧㄡ | chʻiu | chiou | chyou | ciou | qiu | chiou | chyou | cheou | chiow | tɕʰiou |
| ㄐㄩㄥ | chiung | jiung | jyung | jyong | jiong | jiong | jyong | jeong | jionq | tɕiʊŋ |
| ㄑㄩㄥ | chʻiung | chiung | chyung | cyong | qiong | chiong | chyong | cheong | chionq | tɕʰiʊŋ |
| ㄓㄨㄛ | cho | juo | jwo | jhuo | zhuo | juo | jwo | juoo | juoh | ʈʂuo |
| ㄔㄨㄛ | chʻo | chuo | chwo | chuo | chuo | chuo | chwo | chuoo | chuoh | ʈʂʰuo |
| ㄓㄡ | chou | jou | jou | jhou | zhou | jou | jour | joou | jow | ʈʂou |
| ㄔㄡ | chʻou | chou | chou | chou | chou | chou | chour | choou | chow | ʈʂʰou |
| ㄓㄨ | chu | ju | ju | jhu | zhu | ju | jwu | juu | juh | ʈʂu |
| ㄔㄨ | chʻu | chu | chu | chu | chu | chu | chwu | chuu | chuh | ʈʂʰu |
| ㄓㄨㄚ | chua | jua | jwa | jhua | zhua | jua | jwa | joa | juah | ʈʂua |
| ㄔㄨㄚ | chʻua | chua | chwa | chua | chua | chua | chuar | chuaa | chuah | ʈʂʰua |
| ㄓㄨㄞ | chuai | juai | jwai | jhuai | zhuai | juai | jwai | joai | juay | ʈʂuai |
| ㄔㄨㄞ | chʻuai | chuai | chwai | chuai | chuai | chuai | chwai | choai | chuay | ʈʂʰuai |
| ㄓㄨㄢ | chuan | juan | jwan | jhuan | zhuan | juan | jwan | joan | juann | ʈʂuan |
| ㄔㄨㄢ | chʻuan | chuan | chwan | chuan | chuan | chuan | chwan | choan | chuann | ʈʂʰuan |
| ㄓㄨㄤ | chuang | juang | jwang | jhuang | zhuang | juang | jwang | joang | juanq | ʈʂuaŋ |
| ㄔㄨㄤ | chʻuang | chuang | chwang | chuang | chuang | chuang | chwang | choang | chuanq | ʈʂʰuaŋ |
| ㄓㄨㄟ | chui | juei | jwei | jhuei | zhui | juei | jwei | joei | juey | ʈʂuei |
| ㄔㄨㄟ | chʻui | chuei | chwei | chuei | chui | chuei | chwei | choei | chuey | ʈʂʰuei |
| ㄓㄨㄣ | chun | juen | jwen | jhun | zhun | juen | jwen | joen | juenn | ʈʂuən |
| ㄔㄨㄣ | chʻun | chuen | chwen | chun | chun | chuen | chwen | choen | chuenn | ʈʂʰuən |
| ㄓㄨㄥ | chung | jung | jung | jhong | zhong | jong | jorng | joong | jonq | ʈʂʊŋ |
| ㄔㄨㄥ | chʻung | chung | chung | chong | chong | chong | chorng | choong | chonq | ʈʂʰʊŋ |
| ㄐㄩ | chü | jiu | jyu | jyu | ju | jiu | jyu | jeu | jiuh | tɕy |
| ㄑㄩ | chʻü | chiu | chyu | cyu | qu | chiu | chyu | cheu | chiuh | tɕʰy |
| ㄐㄩㄢ | chüan | jiuan | jywan | jyuan | juan | jiuan | jyuan | jeuan | jiuann | tɕyɛn |
| ㄑㄩㄢ | chʻüan | chiuan | chywan | cyuan | quan | chiuan | chyuan | cheuan | chiuann | tɕʰyɛn |
| ㄐㄩㄝ | chüeh | jiue | jywe | jyue | jue | jiue | jyue | jeue | jiueh | tɕye |
| ㄑㄩㄝ | chʻüeh | chiue | chywe | cyue | que | chiue | chyue | cheue | chiueh | tɕʰye |
| ㄐㄩㄣ | chün | jiun | jyun | jyun | jun | jiun | jyun | jeun | jiunn | tɕyn |
| ㄑㄩㄣ | chʻün | chiun | chyun | cyun | qun | chiun | chyun | cheun | chiunn | tɕʰyn |
| ㄜ | ê/o | e | e | e | e | e | er | ee | eh | ɤ |
| ㄝ | eh | ê | e | e | ê | è | èr | èe | èh | ɛ |
| ㄟ | ei | ei | ei | ei | ei | ei | eir | eei | ey | ei |
| ㄣ | ên | en | en | en | en | en | ern | een | enn | ən |
| ㄦ | êrh | er | er | er | er | el | erl | eel | ell | aɚ |
| ㄈㄚ | fa | fa | fa | fa | fa | fa | far | faa | fah | fa |
| ㄈㄢ | fan | fan | fan | fan | fan | fan | farn | faan | fann | fan |
| ㄈㄤ | fang | fang | fang | fang | fang | fang | farng | faang | fanq | faŋ |
| ㄈㄟ | fei | fei | fei | fei | fei | fei | feir | feei | fey | fei |
| ㄈㄣ | fên | fen | fen | fen | fen | fen | fern | feen | fenn | fən |
| ㄈㄥ | fêng | feng | feng | fong | feng | feng | ferng | feeng | fenq | fəŋ |
| ㄈㄛ | fo | fo | fwo | fo | fo | fo | for | foo | foh | fuo |
| ㄈㄡ | fou | fou | fou | fou | fou | fou | four | foou | fow | fou |
| ㄈㄨ | fu | fu | fu | fu | fu | fu | fwu | fuu | fuh | fu |
| ㄏㄚ | ha | ha | ha | ha | ha | ha | har | haa | hah | xa |
| ㄏㄞ | hai | hai | hai | hai | hai | hai | hair | hae | hay | xai |
| ㄏㄢ | han | han | han | han | han | han | harn | haan | hann | xan |
| ㄏㄤ | hang | hang | hang | hang | hang | hang | harng | haang | hanq | xaŋ |
| ㄏㄠ | hao | hau | hau | hao | hao | hau | haur | hao | haw | xau |
| ㄏㄟ | hei | hei | hei | hei | hei | hei | heir | heei | hey | xei |
| ㄏㄣ | hên | hen | hen | hen | hen | hen | hern | heen | henn | xən |
| ㄏㄥ | hêng | heng | heng | heng | heng | heng | herng | heeng | henq | xəŋ |
| ㄏㄜ | ho | he | he | he | he | he | her | hee | heh | xɤ |
| ㄏㄡ | hou | hou | hou | hou | hou | hou | hour | hoou | how | xou |
| ㄒㄧ | hsi | shi | syi | si | xi | shi | shyi | shii | shih | ɕi |
| ㄒㄧㄚ | hsia | shia | sya | sia | xia | shia | shya | shea | shiah | ɕia |
| ㄒㄧㄤ | hsiang | shiang | syang | siang | xiang | shiang | shyang | sheang | shianq | ɕiaŋ |
| ㄒㄧㄠ | hsiao | shiau | syau | siao | xiao | shiau | shyau | sheau | shiaw | ɕiau |
| ㄒㄧㄝ | hsieh | shie | sye | sie | xie | shie | shye | shiee | shieh | ɕie |
| ㄒㄧㄢ | hsien | shian | syan | sian | xian | shian | shyan | shean | shiann | ɕiɛn |
| ㄒㄧㄣ | hsin | shin | syin | sin | xin | shin | shyn | shiin | shinn | ɕin |
| ㄒㄧㄥ | hsing | shing | sying | sing | shing | shyng | shiing | shinq | ɕiŋ | |
| ㄒㄧㄡ | hsiu | shiou | syou | siou | xiu | shiou | shyou | sheou | shiow | ɕiou |
| ㄒㄩㄥ | hsiung | shiung | syung | syong | xiong | shiong | shyong | sheong | shionq | ɕiʊŋ |
| ㄒㄩ | hsü | shiu | syu | syu | xu | shiu | shyu | sheu | shiuh | ɕy |
| ㄒㄩㄢ | hsüan | shiuan | sywan | syuan | xuan | shiuan | shyuan | sheuan | shiuann | ɕyɛn |
| ㄒㄩㄝ | hsüeh | shiue | sywe | syue | xue | shiue | shyue | sheue | shiueh | ɕye |
| ㄒㄩㄣ | hsün | shiun | syun | syun | xun | shiun | shyun | sheun | shiunn | ɕyn |
| ㄏㄨ | hu | hu | hu | hu | hu | hu | hwu | huu | huh | xu |
| ㄏㄨㄚ | hua | hua | hwa | hua | hua | hua | hwa | hoa | huah | xua |
| ㄏㄨㄞ | huai | huai | hwai | huai | huai | huai | hwai | hoai | huay | xuai |
| ㄏㄨㄢ | huan | huan | hwan | huan | huan | huan | hwan | hoan | huann | xuan |
| ㄏㄨㄤ | huang | huang | hwang | huang | huang | huang | hwang | hoang | huanq | xuaŋ |
| ㄏㄨㄟ | hui | huei | hwei | huei | hui | huei | hwei | hoei | huey | xuei |
| ㄏㄨㄣ | hun | huen | hwen | hun | hun | huen | hwen | hoen | huenn | xuən |
| ㄏㄨㄥ | hung | hung | hung | hong | hong | hong | horng | hoong | honq | xʊŋ |
| ㄏㄨㄛ | huo | huo | hwo | huo | huo | huo | hwo | huoo | huoh | xuo |
| ㄧ | i/yi | yi | yi | yi | yi | i | yi | yii | yih | i |
| ㄖㄢ | jan | ran | ran | ran | ran | rhan | ran | raan | rann | ɻan |
| ㄖㄤ | jang | rang | rang | rang | rang | rhang | rang | raang | ranq | ɻaŋ |
| ㄖㄠ | jao | rau | rau | rao | rao | rhau | rau | rao | raw | ɻau |
| ㄖㄜ | jê | re | re | re | re | rhe | re | ree | reh | ɻɤ |
| ㄖㄣ | jên | ren | ren | ren | ren | rhen | ren | reen | renn | ɻən |
| ㄖㄥ | jêng | reng | reng | reng | reng | rheng | reng | reeng | renq | ɻəŋ |
| ㄖ | jih | r | r | rih | ri | rhy | ry | ryy | ryh | ɻɨ |
| ㄖㄨㄛ | jo | ruo | rwo | ruo | ruo | rhuo | ruo | ruoo | ruoh | ɻuo |
| ㄖㄡ | jou | rou | rou | rou | rou | rhou | rou | roou | row | ɻou |
| ㄖㄨ | ju | ru | ru | ru | ru | rhu | ru | ruu | ruh | ɻu |
| ㄖㄨㄢ | juan | ruan | rwan | ruan | ruan | rhuan | ruan | roan | ruann | ɻuan |
| ㄖㄨㄟ | jui | ruei | rwei | ruei | rui | rhuei | ruei | roei | ruey | ɻuei |
| ㄖㄨㄣ | jun | ruen | rwun | run | run | rhuen | ruen | roen | ruenn | ɻuən |
| ㄖㄨㄥ | jung | rung | rung | rong | rong | rhong | rong | roong | ronq | ɻʊŋ |
| ㄍㄚ | ka | ga | ga | ga | ga | ga | gar | gaa | gah | ka |
| ㄎㄚ | kʻa | ka | ka | ka | ka | ka | kar | kaa | kah | kʰa |
| ㄍㄞ | kai | gai | gai | gai | gai | gai | gair | gae | gay | kai |
| ㄎㄞ | kʻai | kai | kai | kai | kai | kai | kair | kae | kay | kʰai |
| ㄍㄢ | kan | gan | gan | gan | gan | gan | garn | gaan | gann | kan |
| ㄎㄢ | kʻan | kan | kan | kan | kan | kan | karn | kaan | kann | kʰan |
| ㄍㄤ | kang | gang | gang | gang | gang | gang | garng | gaang | ganq | kaŋ |
| ㄎㄤ | kʻang | kang | kang | kang | kang | kang | karng | kaang | kanq | kʰaŋ |
| ㄍㄠ | kao | gau | gau | gao | gao | gau | gaur | gao | gaw | kau |
| ㄎㄠ | kʻao | kau | kau | kao | kao | kau | kaur | kao | kaw | kʰau |
| ㄍㄟ | kei | gei | gei | gei | gei | gei | geir | geei | gey | kei |
| ㄎㄟ | kʻei | kei | kei | kei | kei | kei | keir | keei | key | kʰei |
| ㄍㄣ | kên | gen | gen | gen | gen | gen | gern | geen | genn | kən |
| ㄎㄣ | kʻên | ken | ken | ken | ken | ken | kern | keen | kenn | kʰən |
| ㄍㄥ | kêng | geng | geng | geng | geng | geng | gerng | geeng | genq | kəŋ |
| ㄎㄥ | kʻêng | keng | keng | keng | keng | keng | kerng | keeng | kenq | kʰəŋ |
| ㄍㄜ | ko | ge | ge | ge | ge | ge | ger | gee | geh | kɤ |
| ㄎㄜ | kʻo | ke | ke | ke | ke | ke | ker | kee | keh | kʰɤ |
| ㄍㄡ | kou | gou | gou | gou | gou | gou | gour | goou | gow | kou |
| ㄎㄡ | kʻou | kou | kou | kou | kou | kou | kour | koou | kow | kʰou |
| ㄍㄨ | ku | gu | gu | gu | gu | gu | gwu | guu | guh | ku |
| ㄎㄨ | kʻu | ku | ku | ku | ku | ku | kwu | kuu | kuh | kʰu |
| ㄍㄨㄚ | kua | gua | gwa | gua | gua | gua | gwa | goa | guah | kua |
| ㄎㄨㄚ | kʻua | kua | kwa | kua | kua | kua | kwa | koa | kuah | kʰua |
| ㄍㄨㄞ | kuai | guai | gwai | guai | guai | guai | gwai | goai | guay | kuai |
| ㄎㄨㄞ | kʻuai | kuai | kwai | kuai | kuai | kuai | kwai | koai | kuay | kʰuai |
| ㄍㄨㄢ | kuan | guan | gwan | guan | guan | guan | gwan | goan | guann | kuan |
| ㄎㄨㄢ | kʻuan | kuan | kwan | kuan | kuan | kuan | kwan | koan | kuann | kʰuan |
| ㄍㄨㄤ | kuang | guang | gwang | guang | guang | guang | gwang | goang | guanq | kuaŋ |
| ㄎㄨㄤ | kʻuang | kuang | kwang | kuang | kuang | kuang | kwang | koang | kuanq | kʰuaŋ |
| ㄍㄨㄟ | kuei | guei | gwei | guei | gui | guei | gwei | goei | guey | kuei |
| ㄎㄨㄟ | kʻuei | kuei | kwei | kuei | kui | kuei | kwei | koei | kuey | kʰuei |
| ㄍㄨㄣ | kun | guen | gwun | gun | gun | guen | gwen | goen | guenn | kuən |
| ㄎㄨㄣ | kʻun | kuen | kwen | kun | kun | kuen | kwen | koen | kuenn | kʰuən |
| ㄍㄨㄥ | kung | gung | gung | gong | gong | gong | gorng | goong | gonq | kʊŋ |
| ㄎㄨㄥ | kʻung | kung | kung | kong | kong | kong | korng | koong | konq | kʰʊŋ |
| ㄍㄨㄛ | kuo | guo | gwo | guo | guo | guo | gwo | guoo | guoh | kuo |
| ㄎㄨㄛ | kʻuo | kuo | kwo | kuo | kuo | kuo | kwo | kuoo | kuoh | kʰuo |
| ㄌㄚ | la | la | la | la | la | lha | la | laa | lah | la |
| ㄌㄞ | lai | lai | lai | lai | lai | lhai | lai | lae | lay | lai |
| ㄌㄢ | lan | lan | lan | lan | lan | lhan | lan | laan | lann | lan |
| ㄌㄤ | lang | lang | lang | lang | lang | lhang | lang | laang | lanq | laŋ |
| ㄌㄠ | lao | lau | lau | lao | lao | lhau | lau | lao | law | lau |
| ㄌㄜ | lê | le | le | le | le | lhe | le | lee | leh | lɤ |
| ㄌㄟ | lei | lei | lei | lei | lei | lhei | lei | leei | ley | lei |
| ㄌㄥ | lêng | leng | leng | leng | leng | lheng | leng | leeng | lenq | ləŋ |
| ㄌㄧ | li | li | li | li | li | lhi | li | lii | lih | li |
| ㄌㄧㄚ | lia | lia | lya | lia | lia | lhia | lia | lea | liah | lia |
| ㄌㄧㄤ | liang | liang | lyang | liang | liang | lhiang | liang | leang | lianq | liaŋ |
| ㄌㄧㄠ | liao | liau | lyau | liao | liao | lhiau | liau | leau | liaw | liau |
| ㄌㄧㄝ | lieh | lie | lye | lie | lie | lhie | lie | liee | lieh | lie |
| ㄌㄧㄢ | lien | lian | lyan | lian | lian | lhian | lian | lean | liann | liɛn |
| ㄌㄧㄣ | lin | lin | lin | lin | lin | lhin | lin | liin | linn | lin |
| ㄌㄧㄥ | ling | ling | ling | ling | ling | lhing | ling | liing | linq | liŋ |
| ㄌㄧㄡ | liu | liou | lyou | liou | liu | lhiou | liou | leou | liow | liou |
| ㄌㄛ | lo | lo | lo | lo | lo | lo | lor | loo | loh | lɔ |
| ㄌㄨㄛ | lo | luo | lwo | luo | luo | lhuo | luo | luoo | luoh | luo |
| ㄌㄡ | lou | lou | lou | lou | lou | lhou | lou | loou | low | lou |
| ㄌㄨ | lu | lu | lu | lu | lu | lhu | lu | luu | luh | lu |
| ㄌㄨㄢ | luan | luan | lwan | luan | luan | lhuan | luan | loan | luann | luan |
| ㄌㄨㄣ | lun | luen | lwun | lun | lun | lhuen | luen | loen | luenn | luən |
| ㄌㄨㄥ | lung | lung | lung | long | long | lhong | long | loong | lonq | lʊŋ |
| ㄌㄩ | lü | liu | lyu | lyu | lü | lhiu | liu | leu | liuh | ly |
| ㄌㄩㄝ | lüeh | liue | lywe | lyue | lüe | lhiue | liue | leue | liueh | lye |
| ㄌㄩㄣ | lün | liun | lyun | lyun | lün | lhiun | liun | leun | liunn | lyn |
| ㄇㄚ | ma | ma | ma | ma | ma | mha | ma | maa | mah | ma |
| ㄇㄞ | mai | mai | mai | mai | mai | mhai | mai | mae | may | mai |
| ㄇㄢ | man | man | man | man | man | mhan | man | maan | mann | man |
| ㄇㄤ | mang | mang | mang | mang | mang | mhang | mang | maang | manq | maŋ |
| ㄇㄠ | mao | mau | mau | mao | mao | mhau | mau | mao | maw | mau |
| ㄇㄜ | mê | me | me | me | me | mhe | me | mee | meh | mɤ |
| ㄇㄟ | mei | mei | mei | mei | mei | mhei | mei | meei | mey | mei |
| ㄇㄣ | mên | men | men | men | men | mhen | men | meen | menn | mən |
| ㄇㄥ | mêng | meng | meng | meng | meng | mheng | meng | meeng | menq | məŋ |
| ㄇㄧ | mi | mi | mi | mi | mi | mhi | mi | mii | mih | mi |
| ㄇㄧㄠ | miao | miau | myau | miao | miao | mhiau | miau | meau | miaw | miau |
| ㄇㄧㄝ | mieh | mie | mye | mie | mie | mhie | mie | miee | mieh | mie |
| ㄇㄧㄢ | mien | mian | myan | mian | mian | mhian | mian | mean | miann | miɛn |
| ㄇㄧㄣ | min | min | min | min | min | mhin | min | miin | minn | min |
| ㄇㄧㄥ | ming | ming | ming | ming | ming | mhing | ming | miing | minq | miŋ |
| ㄇㄧㄡ | miu | miou | myou | miou | miu | mhiou | miou | meou | miow | miou |
| ㄇㄛ | mo | mo | mwo | mo | mo | mho | mo | moo | moh | muo |
| ㄇㄡ | mou | mou | mou | mou | mou | mhou | mou | moou | mow | mou |
| ㄇㄨ | mu | mu | mu | mu | mu | mhu | mu | muu | muh | mu |
| ㄋㄚ | na | na | na | na | na | nha | na | naa | nah | na |
| ㄋㄞ | nai | nai | nai | nai | nai | nhai | nai | nae | nay | nai |
| ㄋㄢ | nan | nan | nan | nan | nan | nhan | nan | naan | nann | nan |
| ㄋㄤ | nang | nang | nang | nang | nang | nhang | nang | naang | nanq | naŋ |
| ㄋㄠ | nao | nau | nau | nao | nao | nhau | nau | nao | naw | nau |
| ㄋㄜ | nê | ne | ne | ne | ne | nhe | ne | nee | neh | nɤ |
| ㄋㄟ | nei | nei | nei | nei | nei | nhei | nei | neei | ney | nei |
| ㄋㄣ | nên | nen | nen | nen | nen | nhen | nen | neen | nenn | nən |
| ㄋㄥ | nêng | neng | neng | neng | neng | nheng | neng | neeng | nenq | nəŋ |
| ㄋㄧ | ni | ni | ni | ni | ni | nhi | ni | nii | nih | ni |
| ㄋㄧㄚ | nia | nia | nya | nia | nia | nia | niar | niaa | niah | nia |
| ㄋㄧㄤ | niang | niang | nyang | niang | niang | nhiang | niang | neang | nianq | niaŋ |
| ㄋㄧㄠ | niao | niau | nyau | niao | niao | nhiau | niau | neau | niaw | niau |
| ㄋㄧㄝ | nieh | nie | nye | nie | nie | nhie | nie | niee | nieh | nie |
| ㄋㄧㄢ | nien | nian | nyan | nian | nian | nhian | nian | nean | niann | niɛn |
| ㄋㄧㄣ | nin | nin | nin | nin | nin | nhin | nin | niin | ninn | nin |
| ㄋㄧㄥ | ning | ning | ning | ning | ning | nhing | ning | niing | ninq | niŋ |
| ㄋㄧㄡ | niu | niou | nyou | niou | niu | nhiou | niou | neou | niow | niou |
| ㄋㄨㄛ | no | nuo | nwo | nuo | nuo | nhuo | nuo | nuoo | nuoh | nuo |
| ㄋㄡ | nou | nou | nou | nou | nou | nhou | nou | noou | now | nou |
| ㄋㄨ | nu | nu | nu | nu | nu | nhu | nu | nuu | nuh | nu |
| ㄋㄨㄢ | nuan | nuan | nwan | nuan | nuan | nhuan | nuan | noan | nuann | nuan |
| ㄋㄨㄣ | nun | nuen | nwen | nun | nun | nhuen | nuen | noen | nuenn | nuən |
| ㄋㄨㄥ | nung | nung | nung | nong | nong | nhong | nong | noong | nonq | nʊŋ |
| ㄋㄩ | nü | niu | nyu | nyu | nü | nhiu | niu | neu | niuh | ny |
| ㄋㄩㄝ | nüeh | niue | nywe | nyue | nüe | nhiue | niue | neue | niueh | nye |
| ㄡ | ou | ou | ou | ou | ou | ou | our | oou | ow | ou |
| ㄅㄚ | pa | ba | ba | ba | ba | ba | bar | baa | bah | pa |
| ㄆㄚ | pʻa | pa | pa | pa | pa | pa | par | paa | pah | pʰa |
| ㄅㄞ | pai | bai | bai | bai | bai | bai | bair | bae | bay | pai |
| ㄆㄞ | pʻai | pai | pai | pai | pai | pai | pair | pae | pay | pʰai |
| ㄅㄢ | pan | ban | ban | ban | ban | ban | barn | baan | bann | pan |
| ㄆㄢ | pʻan | pan | pan | pan | pan | pan | parn | paan | pann | pʰan |
| ㄅㄤ | pang | bang | bang | bang | bang | bang | barng | baang | banq | paŋ |
| ㄆㄤ | pʻang | pang | pang | pang | pang | pang | parng | paang | panq | pʰaŋ |
| ㄅㄠ | pao | bau | bau | bao | bao | bau | baur | bao | baw | pau |
| ㄆㄠ | pʻao | pau | pau | pao | pao | pau | paur | pao | paw | pʰau |
| ㄅㄟ | pei | bei | bei | bei | bei | bei | beir | beei | bey | pei |
| ㄆㄟ | pʻei | pei | pei | pei | pei | pei | peir | peei | pey | pʰei |
| ㄅㄣ | pên | ben | ben | ben | ben | ben | bern | been | benn | pən |
| ㄆㄣ | pʻên | pen | pen | pen | pen | pen | pern | peen | penn | pʰən |
| ㄅㄥ | pêng | beng | beng | beng | beng | beng | berng | beeng | benq | pəŋ |
| ㄆㄥ | pʻêng | peng | peng | peng | peng | peng | perng | peeng | penq | pʰəŋ |
| ㄅㄧ | pi | bi | bi | bi | bi | bi | byi | bii | bih | pi |
| ㄆㄧ | pʻi | pi | pi | pi | pi | pi | pyi | pii | pih | pʰi |
| ㄅㄧㄠ | piao | biau | byau | biao | biao | biau | byau | beau | biaw | piau |
| ㄆㄧㄠ | pʻiao | piau | pyau | piao | piao | piau | pyau | peau | piaw | pʰiau |
| ㄅㄧㄝ | pieh | bie | bye | bie | bie | bie | bye | biee | bieh | pie |
| ㄆㄧㄝ | pʻieh | pie | pye | pie | pie | pie | pye | piee | pieh | pʰie |
| ㄅㄧㄢ | pien | bian | byan | bian | bian | bian | byan | bean | biann | piɛn |
| ㄆㄧㄢ | pʻien | pian | pyan | pian | pian | pian | pyan | pean | piann | pʰiɛn |
| ㄅㄧㄣ | pin | bin | bin | bin | bin | bin | byn | biin | binn | pin |
| ㄆㄧㄣ | pʻin | pin | pin | pin | pin | pin | pyn | piin | pinn | pʰin |
| ㄅㄧㄥ | ping | bing | bing | bing | bing | bing | byng | biing | binq | piŋ |
| ㄆㄧㄥ | pʻing | ping | ping | ping | ping | ping | pyng | piing | pinq | pʰiŋ |
| ㄅㄛ | po | bo | bwo | bo | bo | bo | bor | boo | boh | puo |
| ㄆㄛ | pʻo | po | pwo | po | po | po | por | poo | poh | pʰuo |
| ㄆㄡ | pʻou | pou | pou | pou | pou | pou | pour | poou | pow | pʰou |
| ㄅㄨ | pu | bu | bu | bu | bu | bu | bwu | buu | buh | pu |
| ㄆㄨ | pʻu | pu | pu | pu | pu | pu | pwu | puu | puh | pʰu |
| ㄙㄚ | sa | sa | sa | sa | sa | sa | sar | saa | sah | sa |
| ㄙㄞ | sai | sai | sai | sai | sai | sai | sair | sae | say | sai |
| ㄙㄢ | san | san | san | san | san | san | sarn | saan | sann | san |
| ㄙㄤ | sang | sang | sang | sang | sang | sang | sarng | saang | sanq | saŋ |
| ㄙㄠ | sao | sau | sau | sao | sao | sau | saur | sao | saw | sau |
| ㄙㄜ | sê | se | se | se | se | se | ser | see | seh | sɤ |
| ㄙㄟ | sei | sei | sei | sei | sei | sei | seir | seei | sey | sei |
| ㄙㄣ | sên | sen | sen | sen | sen | sen | sern | seen | senn | sən |
| ㄙㄥ | sêng | seng | seng | seng | seng | seng | serng | seeng | senq | səŋ |
| ㄕㄚ | sha | sha | sha | sha | sha | sha | shar | shaa | shah | ʂa |
| ㄕㄞ | shai | shai | shai | shai | shai | shai | shair | shae | shay | ʂai |
| ㄕㄢ | shan | shan | shan | shan | shan | shan | sharn | shaan | shann | ʂan |
| ㄕㄤ | shang | shang | shang | shang | shang | shang | sharng | shaang | shanq | ʂaŋ |
| ㄕㄠ | shao | shau | shau | shao | shao | shau | shaur | shao | shaw | ʂau |
| ㄕㄜ | shê | she | she | she | she | she | sher | shee | sheh | ʂɤ |
| ㄕㄟ | shei | shei | shei | shei | shei | shei | sheir | sheei | shey | ʂei |
| ㄕㄣ | shên | shen | shen | shen | shen | shen | shern | sheen | shenn | ʂən |
| ㄕㄥ | shêng | sheng | sheng | sheng | sheng | sheng | sherng | sheeng | shenq | ʂəŋ |
| ㄕ | shih | shr | shr | shih | shi | shy | shyr | shyy | shyh | ʂɨ |
| ㄕㄡ | shou | shou | shou | shou | shou | shou | shour | shoou | show | ʂou |
| ㄕㄨ | shu | shu | shu | shu | shu | shu | shwu | shuu | shuh | ʂu |
| ㄕㄨㄚ | shua | shua | shwa | shua | shua | shua | shwa | shoa | shuah | ʂua |
| ㄕㄨㄞ | shuai | shuai | shwai | shuai | shuai | shuai | shwai | shoai | shuay | ʂuai |
| ㄕㄨㄢ | shuan | shuan | shwan | shuan | shuan | shuan | shwan | shoan | shuann | ʂuan |
| ㄕㄨㄤ | shuang | shuang | shwang | shuang | shuang | shuang | shwang | shoang | shuanq | ʂuaŋ |
| ㄕㄨㄟ | shui | shuei | shwei | shuei | shui | shuei | shwei | shoei | shuey | ʂuei |
| ㄕㄨㄣ | shun | shuen | shwun | shun | shun | shuen | shwen | shoen | shuenn | ʂuən |
| ㄕㄨㄥ | shung | shung | shung | shong | shong | shong | shorng | shoong | shonq | ʂʊŋ |
| ㄕㄨㄛ | shuo | shuo | shwo | shuo | shuo | shuo | shwo | shuoo | shuoh | ʂuo |
| ㄙㄨㄛ | so | suo | swo | suo | suo | suo | swo | suoo | suoh | suo |
| ㄙㄡ | sou | sou | sou | sou | sou | sou | sour | soou | sow | sou |
| ㄙ | ssŭ | sz | sz | sih | si | sy | syr | syy | syh | sɨ |
| ㄙㄨ | su | su | su | su | su | su | swu | suu | suh | su |
| ㄙㄨㄢ | suan | suan | swan | suan | suan | suan | swan | soan | suann | suan |
| ㄙㄨㄟ | sui | suei | swei | suei | sui | suei | swei | soei | suey | suei |
| ㄙㄨㄣ | sun | suen | swen | sun | sun | suen | swen | soen | suenn | suən |
| ㄙㄨㄥ | sung | sung | sung | song | song | song | sorng | soong | sonq | sʊŋ |
| ㄉㄚ | ta | da | da | da | da | da | dar | daa | dah | ta |
| ㄊㄚ | tʻa | ta | ta | ta | ta | ta | tar | taa | tah | tʰa |
| ㄉㄞ | tai | dai | dai | dai | dai | dai | dair | dae | day | tai |
| ㄊㄞ | tʻai | tai | tai | tai | tai | tai | tair | tae | tay | tʰai |
| ㄉㄢ | tan | dan | dan | dan | dan | dan | darn | daan | dann | tan |
| ㄊㄢ | tʻan | tan | tan | tan | tan | tan | tarn | taan | tann | tʰan |
| ㄉㄤ | tang | dang | dang | dang | dang | dang | darng | daang | danq | taŋ |
| ㄊㄤ | tʻang | tang | tang | tang | tang | tang | tarng | taang | tanq | tʰaŋ |
| ㄉㄠ | tao | dau | dau | dao | dao | dau | daur | dao | daw | tau |
| ㄊㄠ | tʻao | tau | tau | tao | tao | tau | taur | tao | taw | tʰau |
| ㄉㄜ | tê | de | de | de | de | de | der | dee | deh | tɤ |
| ㄊㄜ | tʻê | te | te | te | te | te | ter | tee | teh | tʰɤ |
| ㄉㄟ | tei | dei | dei | dei | dei | dei | deir | deei | dey | tei |
| ㄉㄣ | tên | den | den | den | den | den | dern | deen | denn | tən |
| ㄉㄥ | têng | deng | deng | deng | deng | deng | derng | deeng | denq | təŋ |
| ㄊㄥ | tʻêng | teng | teng | teng | teng | teng | terng | teeng | tenq | tʰəŋ |
| ㄉㄧ | ti | di | di | di | di | di | dyi | dii | dih | ti |
| ㄊㄧ | tʻi | ti | ti | ti | ti | ti | tyi | tii | tih | tʰi |
| ㄉㄧㄤ | tiang | diang | dyang | diang | diang | diang | dyang | deang | dianq | tiaŋ |
| ㄉㄧㄠ | tiao | diau | dyau | diao | diao | diau | dyau | deau | diaw | tiau |
| ㄊㄧㄠ | tʻiao | tiau | tyau | tiao | tiao | tiau | tyau | teau | tiaw | tʰiau |
| ㄉㄧㄝ | tieh | die | dye | die | die | die | dye | diee | dieh | tie |
| ㄊㄧㄝ | tʻieh | tie | tye | tie | tie | tie | tye | tiee | tieh | tʰie |
| ㄉㄧㄢ | tien | dian | dyan | dian | dian | dian | dyan | dean | diann | tiɛn |
| ㄊㄧㄢ | tʻien | tian | tyan | tian | tian | tian | tyan | tean | tiann | tʰiɛn |
| ㄉㄧㄥ | ting | ding | ding | ding | ding | ding | dyng | diing | dinq | tiŋ |
| ㄊㄧㄥ | tʻing | ting | ting | ting | ting | ting | tyng | tiing | tinq | tʰiŋ |
| ㄉㄧㄡ | tiu | diou | dyou | diou | diu | diou | dyou | deou | diow | tiou |
| ㄉㄨㄛ | to | duo | dwo | duo | duo | duo | dwo | duoo | duoh | tuo |
| ㄊㄨㄛ | tʻo | tuo | two | tuo | tuo | tuo | two | tuoo | tuoh | tʰuo |
| ㄉㄡ | tou | dou | dou | dou | dou | dou | dour | doou | dow | tou |
| ㄊㄡ | tʻou | tou | tou | tou | tou | tou | tour | toou | tow | tʰou |
| ㄗㄚ | tsa | tza | dza | za | za | tza | tzar | tzaa | tzah | tsa |
| ㄘㄚ | tsʻa | tsa | tsa | ca | ca | tsa | tsar | tsaa | tsah | tsʰa |
| ㄗㄞ | tsai | tzai | dzai | zai | zai | tzai | tzair | tzae | tzay | tsai |
| ㄘㄞ | tsʻai | tsai | tsai | cai | cai | tsai | tsair | tsae | tsay | tsʰai |
| ㄗㄢ | tsan | tzan | dzan | zan | zan | tzan | tzarn | tzaan | tzann | tsan |
| ㄘㄢ | tsʻan | tsan | tsan | can | can | tsan | tsarn | tsaan | tsann | tsʰan |
| ㄗㄤ | tsang | tzang | dzang | zang | zang | tzang | tzarng | tzaang | tzanq | tsaŋ |
| ㄘㄤ | tsʻang | tsang | tsang | cang | cang | tsang | tsarng | tsaang | tsanq | tsʰaŋ |
| ㄗㄠ | tsao | tzau | dzau | zao | zao | tzau | tzaur | tzao | tzaw | tsau |
| ㄘㄠ | tsʻao | tsau | tsau | cao | cao | tsau | tsaur | tsao | tsaw | tsʰau |
| ㄗㄜ | tsê | tze | dze | ze | ze | tze | tzer | tzee | tzeh | tsɤ |
| ㄘㄜ | tsʻê | tse | tse | ce | ce | tse | tser | tsee | tseh | tsʰɤ |
| ㄗㄟ | tsei | tzei | dzei | zei | zei | tzei | tzeir | tzeei | tzey | tsei |
| ㄗㄣ | tsên | tzen | dzen | zen | zen | tzen | tzern | tzeen | tzenn | tsən |
| ㄘㄣ | tsʻên | tsen | tsen | cen | cen | tsen | tsern | tseen | tsenn | tsʰən |
| ㄗㄥ | tsêng | tzeng | dzeng | zeng | zeng | tzeng | tzerng | tzeeng | tzenq | tsəŋ |
| ㄘㄥ | tsʻêng | tseng | tseng | ceng | ceng | tseng | tserng | tseeng | tsenq | tsʰəŋ |
| ㄗㄨㄛ | tso | tzuo | dzwo | zuo | zuo | tzuo | tzwo | tzuoo | tzuoh | tsuo |
| ㄘㄨㄛ | tsʻo | tsuo | tswo | cuo | cuo | tsuo | tswo | tsuoo | tsuoh | tsʰuo |
| ㄗㄡ | tsou | tzou | dzou | zou | zou | tzou | tzour | tzoou | tzow | tsou |
| ㄘㄡ | tsʻou | tsou | tsou | cou | cou | tsou | tsour | tsoou | tsow | tsʰou |
| ㄗㄨ | tsu | tzu | dzu | zu | zu | tzu | tzwu | tzuu | tzuh | tsu |
| ㄘㄨ | tsʻu | tsu | tsu | cu | cu | tsu | tswu | tsuu | tsuh | tsʰu |
| ㄗㄨㄢ | tsuan | tzuan | dzwan | zuan | zuan | tzuan | tzwan | tzoan | tzuann | tsuan |
| ㄘㄨㄢ | tsʻuan | tsuan | tswan | cuan | cuan | tsuan | tswan | tsoan | tsuann | tsʰuan |
| ㄗㄨㄟ | tsui | tzuei | dzwei | zuei | zui | tzuei | tzwei | tzoei | tzuey | tsuei |
| ㄘㄨㄟ | tsʻui | tsuei | tswei | cuei | cui | tsuei | tswei | tsoei | tsuey | tsʰuei |
| ㄗㄨㄣ | tsun | tzuen | dzwen | zun | zun | tzuen | tzwen | tzoen | tzuenn | tsuən |
| ㄘㄨㄣ | tsʻun | tsuen | tswen | cun | cun | tsuen | tswen | tsoen | tsuenn | tsʰuən |
| ㄗㄨㄥ | tsung | tzung | dzung | zong | zong | tzong | tzorng | tzoong | tzonq | tsʊŋ |
| ㄘㄨㄥ | tsʻung | tsung | tsung | cong | cong | tsong | tsorng | tsoong | tsonq | tsʰʊŋ |
| ㄉㄨ | tu | du | du | du | du | du | dwu | duu | duh | tu |
| ㄊㄨ | tʻu | tu | tu | tu | tu | tu | twu | tuu | tuh | tʰu |
| ㄉㄨㄢ | tuan | duan | dwan | duan | duan | duan | dwan | doan | duann | tuan |
| ㄊㄨㄢ | tʻuan | tuan | twan | tuan | tuan | tuan | twan | toan | tuann | tʰuan |
| ㄉㄨㄟ | tui | duei | dwei | duei | dui | duei | dwei | doei | duey | tuei |
| ㄊㄨㄟ | tʻui | tuei | twei | tuei | tui | tuei | twei | toei | tuey | tʰuei |
| ㄉㄨㄣ | tun | duen | dwen | dun | dun | duen | dwen | doen | duenn | tuən |
| ㄊㄨㄣ | tʻun | tuen | twen | tun | tun | tuen | twen | toen | tuenn | tʰuən |
| ㄉㄨㄥ | tung | dung | dung | dong | dong | dong | dorng | doong | donq | tʊŋ |
| ㄊㄨㄥ | tʻung | tung | tung | tong | tong | tong | torng | toong | tonq | tʰʊŋ |
| ㄗ | tzŭ | tz | dz | zih | zi | tzy | tzyr | tzyy | tzyh | tsɨ |
| ㄘ | tzʻŭ | tsz | tsz | cih | ci | tsy | tsyr | tsyy | tsyh | tsʰɨ |
| ㄨㄚ | wa | wa | wa | wa | wa | ua | wa | waa | wah | ua |
| ㄨㄞ | wai | wai | wai | wai | wai | uai | wai | woai | way | uai |
| ㄨㄢ | wan | wan | wan | wan | wan | uan | wan | woan | wann | uan |
| ㄨㄤ | wang | wang | wang | wang | wang | uang | wang | woang | wanq | uaŋ |
| ㄨㄟ | wei | wei | wei | wei | wei | uei | wei | woei | wey | uei |
| ㄨㄣ | wên | wen | wen | wun | wen | uen | wen | woen | wenn | uən |
| ㄨㄥ | wêng | weng | weng | wong | weng | ueng | weng | woeng | wenq | uəŋ |
| ㄨㄛ | wo | wo | wo | wo | wo | uo | wo | woo | woh | uo |
| ㄨ | wu | wu | wu | wu | wu | u | wu | wuu | wuh | u |
| ㄧㄚ | ya | ya | ya | ya | ya | ia | ya | yea | yah | ia |
| ㄧㄢ | yen | yan | yan | yan | yan | ian | yan | yean | yann | iɛn |
| ㄧㄤ | yang | yang | yang | yang | yang | iang | yang | yeang | yanq | iaŋ |
| ㄧㄠ | yao | yau | yau | yao | yao | iau | yau | yeau | yaw | iau |
| ㄧㄝ | yeh | ye | ye | ye | ye | ie | ye | yee | yeh | ie |
| ㄧㄣ | yin | yin | yin | yin | yin | in | yn | yiin | yinn | in |
| ㄧㄥ | ying | ying | ying | ying | ying | ing | yng | yiing | yinq | iŋ |
| ㄧㄡ | yu | you | you | you | you | iou | you | yeou | yow | iou |
| ㄩㄥ | yung | yung | yung | yong | yong | iong | yong | yeong | yonq | iʊŋ |
| ㄩ | yü | yu | yu | yu | yu | iu | yu | yeu | yuh | y |
| ㄩㄢ | yüan | yuan | ywan | yuan | yuan | iuan | yuan | yeuan | yuann | yɛn |
| ㄩㄝ | yüeh | yue | ywe | yue | yue | iue | yue | yeue | yueh | ye |
| ㄩㄣ | yün | yun | yun | yun | yun | iun | yun | yeun | yunn | yn |
See also
References
- ↑ Mostly adapted from pinyin.info.
External links
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