1285
| Millennium: | 2nd millennium |
|---|---|
| Centuries: | 12th century · 13th century · 14th century |
| Decades: | 1250s · 1260s · 1270s · 1280s · 1290s · 1300s · 1310s |
| Years: | 1282 · 1283 · 1284 · 1285 · 1286 · 1287 · 1288 |
| 1285 by topic | |
| Politics | |
| State leaders – Sovereign states | |
| Birth and death categories | |
| Births – Deaths | |
| Establishments and disestablishments categories | |
| Establishments – Disestablishments | |
| Art and literature | |
| 1285 in poetry | |
| Gregorian calendar | 1285 MCCLXXXV |
| Ab urbe condita | 2038 |
| Armenian calendar | 734 ԹՎ ՉԼԴ |
| Assyrian calendar | 6035 |
| Bengali calendar | 692 |
| Berber calendar | 2235 |
| English Regnal year | 13 Edw. 1 – 14 Edw. 1 |
| Buddhist calendar | 1829 |
| Burmese calendar | 647 |
| Byzantine calendar | 6793–6794 |
| Chinese calendar | 甲申年 (Wood Monkey) 3981 or 3921 — to — 乙酉年 (Wood Rooster) 3982 or 3922 |
| Coptic calendar | 1001–1002 |
| Discordian calendar | 2451 |
| Ethiopian calendar | 1277–1278 |
| Hebrew calendar | 5045–5046 |
| Hindu calendars | |
| - Vikram Samvat | 1341–1342 |
| - Shaka Samvat | 1206–1207 |
| - Kali Yuga | 4385–4386 |
| Holocene calendar | 11285 |
| Igbo calendar | 285–286 |
| Iranian calendar | 663–664 |
| Islamic calendar | 683–684 |
| Japanese calendar | Kōan 8 (弘安８年) |
| Javanese calendar | 1195–1196 |
| Julian calendar | 1285 MCCLXXXV |
| Korean calendar | 3618 |
| Minguo calendar | 627 before ROC 民前627年 |
| Nanakshahi calendar | −183 |
| Thai solar calendar | 1827–1828 |
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Year 1285 (MCCLXXXV) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.
Events
By area
Africa
- Mansa Sakura usurps the throne of the Mali Empire
Asia
- April 25 – Mamluk sultan Al Mansur Qalawun begins a siege of the Crusader fortress of Margat (in modern-day Syria), a major stronghold of the Knights Hospitaller thought to be impregnable; he captures the fortress a month later.
- June 14 – Trần Hưng Đạo leads Vietnamese forces in victory over an invading Mongol fleet of the Yuan dynasty at Chuong Duong.
Europe
- January 6 – Archbishop Jakub Świnka orders all priests subject to his bishopry in Poland to deliver sermons in Polish rather than German, thus further unifying the Catholic Church in Poland and fostering a national identity.
- April – Chios is captured by Venetian raiders from its Genoese lords. It is later retaken.
- Easter – The Second Statute of Westminster is passed in England, reforming various laws; it includes the clause de donis conditionalibus, considered one of the fundamental institutes of medieval law in England.
- September 4 – Roger of Lauria defeats King Philip III of France in a naval battle off Barcelona.
- The writ Circumspecte Agatis, issued by King Edward I of England, defines the jurisdictions of church and state in England, thereby limiting the church's judicial powers to ecclesiastical cases only.
By topic
Arts
- The English romantic poem The Lay of Havelok the Dane is written (approximate date).
Markets
- First record of an emission of life annuities by the city of Lübeck. It is the first instance of issue of public debt in Germany and it confirms a trend of consolidation of local public debt over north-western Europe (see 1228).[1]
- The county of Champagne is integrated into the kingdom of France, the region loses its haven characteristics for foreign merchants and the fairs of Troyes quickly dwindle into economic insignificance.[2]
Religion
- April 2 – Pope Honorius IV succeeds Pope Martin IV, to become the 190th pope.
Births
- March 9 – Emperor Go-Nijo of Japan (d. 1308)
- May 1 – Edmund FitzAlan, 9th Earl of Arundel, English politician (d. 1326)
- December 6 – King Ferdinand IV of Castile (d. 1312)
- date unknown
- Al-Nasr Muhammad, sultan of Egypt (d. 1341)
- Ziauddin Barani, historian and political thinker of the Delhi Sultanate (d. 1357)
- Patrick Dunbar, 9th Earl of Dunbar (d. 1369)
Deaths
- January 7 – King Charles I of Sicily (b. 1227)
- March 24 – Daumantas, Grand Prince of Lithuania
- March 28 – Pope Martin IV
- May 13 – Robert de Ros, 1st Baron de Ros
- May 20 – John II of Jerusalem, King of Cyprus (b. 1259)
- July 7 – Tile Kolup, German impostor claiming to be Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor (executed)
- August 16 – Philip I of Savoy (b. 1207)
- October 5 – King Philip III of France (b. 1245)
- November 11 – King Peter III of Aragon (b. 1239)
- date unknown –
- Rutebeuf, French troubadour
- Izz al-Din ibn Shaddad, Arab historian (b. 1217)
References
- ↑ Zuijderduijn, Jaco (2009). Medieval Capital Markets. Markets for renten, state formation and private investment in Holland (1300-1550). Leiden/Boston: Brill. ISBN 978-90-04-17565-5.
- ↑ Abu-Lughod, Janet L. (1991). Before European Hegemony: The World System A.D. 1250-1350. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-506774-6.
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