Proxibarbital

Proxibarbital
Clinical data

ATC code	N05CA22 (WHO)
Identifiers
IUPAC name (RS)-5-allyl-5-(2-hydroxypropyl)pyrimidine-2,4,6(1H,3H,5H)-trione
Synonyms	Proxibarbital, Centralgol, Ipronal, 5-Allyl-5-(β-hydroxypropyl)barbituric acid
CAS Number	2537-29-3^N
PubChem (CID)	17336
ChemSpider	16406^Y
ECHA InfoCard	100.018.004
Chemical and physical data
Formula	C₁₀H₁₄N₂O₄
Molar mass	226.229 g/mol
3D model (Jmol)	Interactive image
SMILES O=C1NC(=O)NC(=O)C1(CC(O)C)C\C=C
InChI InChI=1S/C10H14N2O4/c1-3-4-10(5-6(2)13)7(14)11-9(16)12-8(10)15/h3,6,13H,1,4-5H2,2H3,(H2,11,12,14,15,16)^Y Key:VNLMRPAWAMPLNZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N^Y
^NY (what is this?) (verify)

Proxibarbital (Ipronal) is a barbiturate derivative synthesized in 1956. It has anti-anxiety properties and in contrast to most barbiturates almost without hypnotic action.^[1]

It was also used in the treatment of migraine headaches in a similar manner to butalbital.^[2]

Valofane tautomerises to Proxibarbal in vivo.

References

↑ Zajdel, P.; Kulig, K.; Zejc, A. (2008). Zejc, A.; Gorczyca, M., eds. Chemia leków, podręcznik dla studentów farmacji i farmaceutów (in Polish). Warszawa, Poland. ISBN 978-83-200-3652-7.
↑ Sulman, F. G.; Pfeifer, Y.; Tal, E. (1976). "Migraine therapy by enzyme induction with proxibarbital". Therapie der Gegenwart (in German). 115 (12): 2088–2103. PMID 14412.

Hypnotics/sedatives (N05C)

GABA_A

Alcohols	2M2B Chloralodol Ethanol Alcohol Ethchlorvynol Methylpentynol Trichloroethanol

Barbiturates	Allobarbital Amobarbital Aprobarbital Barbital Butabarbital Butobarbital Cyclobarbital Ethallobarbital Heptabarb Hexobarbital Mephobarbital Methohexital Narcobarbital Pentobarbital Phenallymal Phenobarbital Propylbarbital Proxibarbal Reposal Secobarbital Talbutal Thiamylal Thiopental Thiotetrabarbital Vinbarbital Vinylbital

Benzodiazepines	Brotizolam Cinolazepam Climazolam Doxefazepam Estazolam Flunitrazepam Flurazepam Flutoprazepam Haloxazolam Loprazolam Lormetazepam Midazolam Nimetazepam Nitrazepam Phenazepam Quazepam Temazepam Triazolam

Carbamates	Carisoprodol Emylcamate Ethinamate Hexapropymate Meprobamate Methocarbamol Phenprobamate Procymate Tybamate

Imidazoles	Etomidate Metomidate Propoxate

Monoureides	Acecarbromal Apronal (apronalide) Bromisoval Capuride Carbromal Ectylurea

Neuroactive steroids	Acebrochol Allopregnanolone Alphadolone Alphaxolone Eltanolone Hydroxydione Minaxolone Progesterone

Nonbenzodiazepines	Eszopiclone Indiplon Lirequinil Necopidem Pazinaclone Saripidem Suproclone Suriclone Zaleplon Zolpidem Zopiclone

Piperidinediones	Glutethimide Methyprylon Pyrithyldione Piperidione

Quinazolinones	Afloqualone Cloroqualone Diproqualone Etaqualone Mebroqualone Mecloqualone Methaqualone Methylmethaqualone Nitromethaqualone

Others	Acetophenone Acetylglycinamide chloral hydrate Bromide compounds Lithium bromide Potassium bromide Sodium bromide Centalun Chloral betaine Chloral hydrate Chloralose Clomethiazole Dichloralphenazone Gaboxadol Kavalactones Loreclezole Paraldehyde Petrichloral Sulfonylalkanes Sulfonmethane (sulfonal) Tetronal Trional Triclofos Sesquiterpene Isovaleramide Isovaleric acid Valerenic acid

GABA_B

H₁

Antihistamines	Captodiame Cyproheptadine Diphenhydramine Doxylamine Hydroxyzine Methapyrilene Pheniramine Promethazine Propiomazine

Antidepressants	Tricyclic antidepressants Amitriptyline Doxepin Trimipramine, etc. Tetracyclic antidepressants Mianserin Mirtazapine, etc.

Antipsychotics	Typical antipsychotics Chlorpromazine Thioridazine, etc. Atypical antipsychotics Olanzapine Quetiapine Risperidone, etc.

α₂-Adrenergic

5-HT_2A

Antidepressants	Trazodone Tricyclic antidepressants Amitriptyline Doxepin Trimipramine, etc. Tetracyclic antidepressants Mianserin Mirtazapine, etc.

Antipsychotics	Typical antipsychotics Chlorpromazine Thioridazine, etc. Atypical antipsychotics Olanzapine Quetiapine Risperidone, etc.

Others	Niaprazine

Melatonin

Orexin

Others

GABA_A receptor positive allosteric modulators

Alcohols	Brometone Butanol Chloralodol Chlorobutanol (cloretone) Ethanol (drinking alcohol) Ethchlorvynol Isobutanol Isopropanol Menthol Methanol Methylpentynol Pentanol Petrichloral Propanol tert-Butanol (2M2P) tert-Pentanol (2M2B) Tribromoethanol Trichloroethanol Triclofos Trifluoroethanol

Barbiturates	(-)-DMBB Allobarbital Alphenal Amobarbital Aprobarbital Barbexaclone Barbital Benzobarbital Benzylbutylbarbiturate Brallobarbital Brophebarbital Butabarbital/Secbutabarbital Butalbital Buthalital Butobarbital Butallylonal Carbubarb CP-1414S Crotylbarbital Cyclobarbital Cyclopentobarbital Difebarbamate Enallylpropymal Ethallobarbital Eterobarb Febarbamate Heptabarb Heptobarbital Hexethal Hexobarbital Metharbital Methitural Methohexital Methylphenobarbital Narcobarbital Nealbarbital Pentobarbital Phenallymal Phenobarbital Phetharbital Primidone Probarbital Propallylonal Propylbarbital Proxibarbital Reposal Secobarbital Sigmodal Spirobarbital Talbutal Tetrabamate Tetrabarbital Thialbarbital Thiamylal Thiobarbital Thiobutabarbital Thiopental Thiotetrabarbital Valofane Vinbarbital Vinylbital

Benzodiazepines	2-Oxoquazepam 3-Hydroxyphenazepam Adinazolam Alprazolam Arfendazam Avizafone Bentazepam Bretazenil Bromazepam Brotizolam Camazepam Carburazepam Chlordiazepoxide Ciclotizolam Cinazepam Cinolazepam Clazolam Climazolam Clobazam Clonazepam Clonazolam Clorazepate Clotiazepam Cloxazolam Cyprazepam Delorazepam Demoxepam Diazepam Diclazepam Doxefazepam Elfazepam Estazolam Ethyl carfluzepate Ethyl dirazepate Ethyl loflazepate Etizolam EVT-201 FG-8205 Fletazepam Flubromazepam Flubromazolam Fludiazepam Flunitrazepam Flurazepam Flutazolam Flutemazepam Flutoprazepam Fosazepam Gidazepam Halazepam Haloxazolam Iclazepam Imidazenil Irazepine Ketazolam Lofendazam Lopirazepam Loprazolam Lorazepam Lormetazepam Meclonazepam Medazepam Menitrazepam Metaclazepam Mexazolam Midazolam Motrazepam N-Desalkylflurazepam Nifoxipam Nimetazepam Nitrazepam Nitrazepate Nitrazolam Nordazepam Nortetrazepam Oxazepam Oxazolam Phenazepam Pinazepam Pivoxazepam Prazepam Premazepam Proflazepam Pyrazolam QH-II-66 Quazepam Reclazepam Remimazolam Rilmazafone Ripazepam Ro48-6791 Ro48-8684 SH-053-R-CH3-2′F Sulazepam Temazepam Tetrazepam Tolufazepam Triazolam Triflubazam Triflunordazepam (Ro5-2904) Tuclazepam Uldazepam Zapizolam Zolazepam Zomebazam

Carbamates	Carisbamate Carisoprodol Clocental Cyclarbamate Difebarbamate Emylcamate Ethinamate Febarbamate Felbamate Hexapropymate Lorbamate Mebutamate Meprobamate Nisobamate Pentabamate Phenprobamate Procymate Styramate Tetrabamate Tybamate

Flavonoids	6-Methylapigenin Ampelopsin (dihydromyricetin) Apigenin Baicalein Baicalin Catechin EGC EGCG Hispidulin Linarin Luteolin Rc-OMe Skullcap constituents (e.g., baicalin) Wogonin

Imidazoles	Etomidate Metomidate Propoxate

Kava constituents	10-Methoxyyangonin 11-Methoxyyangonin 11-Hydroxyyangonin Desmethoxyyangonin 11-Methoxy-12-hydroxydehydrokavain 7,8-Dihydroyangonin Kavain 5-Hydroxykavain 5,6-Dihydroyangonin 7,8-Dihydrokavain 5,6,7,8-Tetrahydroyangonin 5,6-Dehydromethysticin Methysticin 7,8-Dihydromethysticin Yangonin

Monoureides	Acecarbromal Apronal (apronalide) Bromisoval Carbromal Capuride Ectylurea

Neuroactive steroids	Acebrochol Allopregnanolone (SAGE-547) Alfadolone Alfaxalone Anabolic steroids 3α-Androstanediol Androstenol Androsterone Cholesterol DHDOC 3α-DHP 5α-DHP 5β-DHP DHT Etiocholanolone Ganaxolone Hydroxydione Minaxolone Org 20599 Org 21465 P1-185 Pregnanolone (eltanolone) Progesterone Renanolone SAGE-105 SAGE-217 SAGE-324 SAGE-516 SAGE-689 SAGE-872 Testosterone THDOC

Nonbenzodiazepines	β-Carbolines: Abecarnil Gedocarnil Harmane SL-651,498 ZK-93423; Cyclopyrrolones: Eszopiclone Pagoclone Pazinaclone Suproclone Suriclone Zopiclone; Imidazopyridines: Alpidem DS-1 Necopidem Saripidem Zolpidem; Pyrazolopyrimidines: Divaplon Fasiplon Indiplon Lorediplon Ocinaplon Panadiplon Taniplon Zaleplon; Others: Adipiplon CGS-8216 CGS-9896 CGS-13767 CGS-20625 CL-218,872 CP-615,003 CTP-354 ELB-139 GBLD-345 JM-1232 L-838,417 Lirequinil (Ro41-3696) NS-2664 NS-2710 NS-11394 Pipequaline ROD-188 RWJ-51204 SB-205,384 SX-3228 TGSC01AA TP-003 TPA-023 TP-13 U-89843A U-90042 Viqualine Y-23684

Phenols	Fospropofol Propofol Thymol

Piperidinediones	Glutethimide Methyprylon Piperidione Pyrithyldione

Pyrazolopyridines	Cartazolate Etazolate ICI-190,622 Tracazolate

Quinazolinones	Afloqualone Cloroqualone Diproqualone Etaqualone Mebroqualone Mecloqualone Methaqualone Methylmethaqualone Nitromethaqualone SL-164

Volatiles/gases	Acetone Acetophenone Acetylglycinamide chloral hydrate Aliflurane Benzene Butane Butylene Centalun Chloral Chloral betaine Chloral hydrate Chloroform Cryofluorane Desflurane Dichloralphenazone Dichloromethane Diethyl ether Enflurane Ethyl chloride Ethylene Fluroxene Gasoline Halopropane Halothane Isoflurane Kerosine Methoxyflurane Methoxypropane Nitric oxide Nitrogen Nitrous oxide Norflurane Paraldehyde Propane Propylene Roflurane Sevoflurane Synthane Teflurane Toluene Trichloroethane (methyl chloroform) Trichloroethylene Vinyl ether

Others/unsorted	3-Hydroxybutanal α-EMTBL AA-29504 Avermectins (e.g., ivermectin) Bromide compounds (e.g., lithium bromide, potassium bromide, sodium bromide) Carbamazepine Chloralose Chlormezanone Clomethiazole DEABL Dihydroergolines (e.g., dihydroergocryptine, dihydroergosine, dihydroergotamine, ergoloid (dihydroergotoxine)) DS2 Efavirenz Etazepine Etifoxine Fenamates (e.g., flufenamic acid, mefenamic acid, niflumic acid, tolfenamic acid) Fluoxetine Flupirtine Hopantenic acid Lanthanum Lavender oil Lignans (e.g., 4-O-methylhonokiol, honokiol, magnolol, obovatol) Loreclezole Menthyl isovalerate (validolum) Monastrol Niacin Nicotinamide (niacinamide) Org 25,435 Phenytoin Propanidid Retigabine (ezogabine) Safranal Seproxetine Stiripentol Sulfonylalkanes (e.g., sulfonmethane (sulfonal), tetronal, trional) Terpenoids (e.g., borneol) Topiramate Valerian constituents (e.g., isovaleric acid, isovaleramide, valerenic acid, valerenol) Unsorted benzodiazepine site PAMs: MRK-409 (MK-0343) TCS-1105 TCS-1205

See also: GABAergics

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